NURS 6050 Week 11 Assignment: Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement SOLVED
NURS 6050 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement
If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?
You would have a difficult time practicing as a nurse if you believed these to be true. But they are very real beliefs in some cultures.
Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and a host of other factors contribute to the complex environment that surrounds global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.
In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approach to this issue by the United States and by one other country.
To Prepare:
- Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.
- Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.
- Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.
- Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)
Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix
Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:
- Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.
- Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.
- Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.
- Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.
- Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.
- Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.
- Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.
Part 2: A Plan for Social Change
Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.
In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
- Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
- Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
- Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples
Evaluation of Childhood Obesity
This is just an example do not follow the citations etc…..
This is just to show you what we are looking for.
Childhood obesity is a rising problem worldwide problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that childhood obesity is one of the “most serious public health challenges of the 21st century” (Howard, 2019). Obesity in children and adolescents is expected to exceed the occurrence of those that are underweight and malnourished in the world by the year 2022 (Howard). According to the WHO, the number of obese children in the world increased from 32 to 41 million over the past 25 years (“GHO”, n.d.). In 2016, the obesity rate in children under the age of 5 in the United States was 22.7 and 18 percent in children over the age of five (“GHO”). New Zealand’s rates of childhood obesity are very similar to the United States, with 20.6 percent of children under the age of 5 and 15 percent in the childhood population over 5 years old (“GHO”). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the global health impact of childhood obesity as well as compare the United States with New Zealand on obesities impact, policy implementation, and plans to improve this rising health dilemma.
Global Health Comparison Grid Template
| Global Healthcare Issue | Childhood Obesity | |
| Description | Childhood obesity is on the rise in the United States and across the world. Measuring obesity in children can be difficult due to the fact that they are constantly changing and growing (Howard). It is also difficult to make comparisons due to the fact that different locations vary in their methods for data collection, measuring, and reporting of children’s Body Mass Index (Howard). However, regardless of the way data is collected and measured, studies have proven multiple negative health effects that occur from obesity. Children that are obese are endanger of physical and emotional risk factors that are linked to obesity. Health impacts include higher risks factors for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and breathing disorders such as asthma as well as joint and gastro-intestinal disorders (“Childhood Obesity Causes & Consequences”, 2016). Emotional risk factors such as anxiety, depression, and bullying are also associated with childhood obesity (“Childhood Obesity Causes…”). Risk factors associated with childhood obesity include eating high-calorie, low-nutrient foods, poor sleep habits, and lack of physical activity and sedentary lifestyles (“Childhood Obesity Causes…”). Making better diet choices along with better sleep habits and increased physical activity can help prevent and improve a child’s risk or existence of obesity (“Childhood Obesity Causes…”). | |
| Country | United States | New Zealand |
| Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue | Multiple policies exist in the U.S., including bans on advertisements of fast food restaurants that target children, taxing beverages containing added calorie sweeteners, and incorporating after school activity programs (Ashe, et al., 2014). | A program with three focuses and 22 initiatives under those focuses (“Childhood Obesity Plan”, n.d.). They concentrate on interventions for the already obese, support and education to those at risk, and approaches to make healthier choices easier for citizens (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). The minister also held a forum with processed food and beverage industries (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). |
| What are the strengths of this policy? | The policy addresses all the key factors that are proven to lead to obesity. They are also federal programs which have a better chance at reaching the population than state policies (Swinburn, 2008). | A very detailed program addressing multiple facets of obesity. Programs were created to place children who are identified as obese into a referral program (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). This program allows children and families access to information and education about how to eat health, get more physical activity, and improve health overall (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). It actually involves the children and their parents in activities they can enjoy together at least 60 minutes a day the majority of the days of the week (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). Education initiatives are included for healthcare providers and teachers to bring education to the community (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). Also, it addresses interventions for at risk groups such as gestational diabetes (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). |
| What are the weaknesses of this policy? |
It doesn’t account for economic effects. Studies show that lower income individuals have the highest occurrence of obesity (Ashe, et al.). Lower income individuals usually have less access to public transportation with more fast food restaurants (Swinburn). Low income individuals usually have less ability, whether financial or geographical, to access fitness facilities (Swinburn). Foods that help improve energy and are high in nutrition have a lower margin for marketing making it harder to reach the public (Swinburn). Research suggests that people are likely to choose things that provide instant gratification rather than focusing on long term benefits making it more difficult to create compliance of the public (Swinburn). EVERY SECTION NEEDS CITATIONS |
There is an increased risk of placing a stigma on obese children by singling them out into programs (Swinburn). This can therefore increase risks of bullying and decreasing self-esteem by marking kids to place them into programs (Swinburn). Ultimately, parents make the final decisions on a child’s diet and ability to increase activity (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). If parents do not take the time and effort to increase quality of food and physical activity, children cannot control what they are exposed to at a young age. EVERY SECTION NEEDS CITATIONS |
| Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples) | In the United States, parents and children are often express feeling busy or rushed all the time. They have little free time from jobs and activities. Busy schedules and long work hours make unhealthy eating habits an easy choice for meal planning and make finding time to exercise difficult. Also, the majority of obesity seen in the U.S. is in low income populations (Ashe, et al.). High nutrient foods are usually more expensive (Ashe, et al.). Parents may struggle with ability to afford healthier eating habits. Low income neighborhoods also have decreased access to places for physical activity (Ashe, et al.). Furthermore, children might not have the ability to increase activity due to parents working long hours or multiple jobs. | Certain cultures place a stigma on social situations. Some cultures expect someone hosting dinner to over serve (Swinburn). Certain dishes eaten have a status or value placed on them and may not necessarily be high in nutrients (Swinburn). Also, guests may be inclined to over indulge due to societal implications believing eating a lot is a form of manners (Swinburn). These habits are influenced and learned by children from their parents. Certain cultures limit physical activity of women and girls based on it not being considered culturally appropriate (Swinburn). |
| How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue? |
Taxes were applied to beverages that added calorie sweetness to their ingredients (Ashe, et al.). The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) funded 6.3 million toward projects to fight childhood obesity (National Institute of Food and Agriculture, n.d.). This funding is by means of the NIFA’s Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) which was approved by the 2014 Farm Bill (National Institute of Food and Agriculture). In regard to access, the interventions in these policies are aimed at decreasing exposure to products that increase risk factors of obesity. However, increasing physical activity is not well identified in success of reaching those in lower income levels with poor access to facilities and programs. The WellPoint Foundation gave $3.2 million to strengthen the OASIS Institutes CATCH program which allows mentors to perform increased physical activity programs with children after school in efforts to spur healthy habits (National Institute of Food and Agriculture). EVERY SECTION NEEDS CITATIONS |
Program focuses on populations where activity is low. Funding will be provided to research where involvement is low in order to increase activity in these areas (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). They established a health promotion foundation to fund programs and research (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). They are also created centers of excellence to monitor and evaluate the programs quality and effectiveness (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). Access as stated above, is focused on enrolling children in programs that are already obese (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). EVERY SECTION NEEDS CITATIONS |
| How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples) |
Setting an example by creating programs and policies to decrease obesity as well as working with the WHO will hopefully impact and influence other nations to do the same. They will see negative health impacts and the positive results formed from these interventions and in turn create policies to increase education and decrease access to poor quality nutrient foods. EVERY SECTION NEEDS CITATIONS |
Through creation of policies, data results can be sent to the WHO as a guide to show other countries how to implement interventions that are cost effective and successful (“Preventing Chronic Disease: A Vital Investment”, n.d.). It markets an environment that focuses on healthy lifestyle and diet choices in the home as well as the community (“Preventing Chronic Disease: A Vital Investment”). EVERY SECTION NEEDS CITATIONS |
| Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country. |
Medical costs for the obese are systematically higher than non-obese patient populations (“Foundation Funding To Prevent Obesity”, n.d.). Diseases linked to obesity cost approximately $147 billion (“Foundation Funding To Prevent Obesity”). Decreased childhood obesity will decrease future long term health risk as adults. Hopefully, decreased obesity for the future will decrease the occurrence of these health problems in the future. EVERY SECTION NEEDS CITATIONS |
The guidelines for weight management in New Zealand provide evidence-based directions for managing obese children where nurses can use these tools to educate and support patients and families (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). The tools use the most up to date evidence that allows nurses and health care providers to monitor, assess, and manage obese patients (“Childhood Obesity Plan”). EVERY SECTION NEEDS CITATIONS |
| Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples) | People travel around the world to obtain health care in the United States. Sometimes, people get sick during travels and end up in the hospital. Obesity as a worldwide health problem brings patients from around the world to healthcare organizations. These patients have higher occurrence of medical problems than the general public and as such have higher health care requirements. | Obesity was on the rise globally before New Zealand enacted programs to improve childhood obesity rates. New Zealand had no data regarding childhood obesity until 2003 when national plans were developed (Swinburn). If New Zealand had acted earlier when trends across the world were showing increased rates of childhood obesity, they could have monitored children in the country and intervened with health measures before it became such a large epidemic in New Zealand as well (Swinburn). |
| General Notes/Comments | ||
PART 2: A Plan for Social Change
The definition for obesity is not universal (Howard). However the problem still exists across the globe. Policies, laws, and regulations are necessary to create change and reduce obesity worldwide (Swinburn). Society across the globe has evolved. People tend to seek out opportunities to indulge in food for relaxation but have decreased efforts in work and physical activity (Swinburn). Lifestyles have become over burdened with tasks. People are on the go, always running to the next task. Technology has created a world where machines do simple tasks that man once had to complete. Food is more readily at our fingertips, but the quality and nutritional value of these products are falling (Swinburn). Energy-rich foods that are low in nutrients are readily available, highly marketed and provided at lower-costs (Swinburn). Children learn what they see and are taught by watching what adults around them do. Children are also driven by short term impulses and cannot focus on long term outcomes and benefits (Swinburn). Our environments’ promotes excessive energy intake but reduced physical exertion, therefore directly creating all the risk factors associated with obesity (Swinburn). It is our job as leaders and adults to create a better example and better environment. The worlds’ health is endanger from preventable disease such as obesity and it is vital that we take a global initiative by working with other nations and the WHO to improve quality of life and health. These changes must start at a local level. It is important for nurses to be visible leaders, advocating for change, and willing to take action. Advocacy for health programs that decrease media attention focusing on unhealthy habits, trends, and foods is essential. Taxation on unhealthy products, banning advertisements that promote unhealthy diet and habits, as well as promoting marketing and education to increase physical activity are necessary (Swinburn), In order for change to occur, policies will have to come down on encouraged bad habits and behaviors.
Role as a Nurse Leader
Globalization is the process of interaction among people and governments from different nations driven by investment with effects on the culture and physical well-being of people around the world (Milstead & Short, 2019). Nurses’ ability to effect change in policy is just as important as the ability to provide safe effective care to patients (Milstead & Short). Policy development brings about change and it is logical for nurses to participate in policy development in order to better patients care and outcomes (Milstead & Short). What effects one country, ties very closely to the effects right here in the U.S., in local communities. As a leader, it is vital to advocate for vulnerable populations. Obesity in children is a rising concern and this population is helpless without support and proper policies in place to decrease their risks and increase their quality of life. Influencing policy programs ensures the ability to impact and make a difference on this population. Ethical and legal responsibilities require nurses to act on behalf of patients and to protect their rights (Milstead & Short). Advocacy as a nurse offers an advancement in professional practice by allowing some control over patient outcomes (Milstead & Short).
Impact on the Local Practice and Role as Nurse Leader
Participation in policies and regulations increases the positive perspective by which nurses are viewed on a national and global level. Being actively involved increases knowledge and skill over time in order to better benefit patients (Milstead & Short). Global health issues identify how closely we all are tied together in this world (Edmonson, McCarthy, Adams, McCain, & Marshall, 2017). Borders are no longer defined by lines on maps (Edmonson, McCarthy, Adams, McCain, & Marshall). The ideas of boundaries create a false sense of protection (Edmonson, McCarthy, Adams, McCain, & Marshall). What happens in another country can directly impact the community and healthcare. Nurses are responsible to be educated on worldly diseases, situations, and policies in order to protect patients and the community. Childhood obesity is a very really problem in local communities that affect children’s health now as well as in the future. Nurses encounter the rise in comorbidities attributed to obesity in direct patient care. Action and advocacy to impose change is needed.
Contribution to Social Change
Leadership as a nurse begins as a student by encompassing what it means to ethical practice as a nurse and then continues throughout one’s career (Edmonson, McCarthy, Adams, McCain, & Marshall). Nursing associations can be key to influencing policy (Milstead & Short). Involvement in programs and policies that will decrease this epidemic through collaboration with nursing associations and governmental officials is a duty as a nurse. Nurses are able to make links for individuals to populations at a local and then global level (Edmonson, McCarthy, Adams, McCain, & Marshall). Nurses do more than directly care for patients, they educate and promote health and can create social changes by becoming actively involved in policy formation.
Conclusion
Obesity is driven by commercial capitalism and marketing (Swinburn). Obesity can be seen as a direct result of technological advancement and success (Swinburn). Government leadership is needed to create effective action in order to reduce obesity and its correlating inequalities (Swinburn). Children are at the mercy of adults and role models to make changes to their lives and society in order to increase their quality of life. Nurses have the ability to impact all factors of society (Milstead & Short). Nurses have the ability to bring their experiences and observations to policy formation regarding global health problems (Milstead & Short). Working with governmental officials at a local and global level are necessary to end worldwide childhood obesity.
References
Ashe, M., Barclay, R., Brownson, G., Kensin, J., Kristensen, A., Flottemesch, T., Maciosek, M.,
Childhood Obesity Causes & Consequences. (2016, December 15). CDC. Retrieved May 6,
Childhood Obesity Plan. (n.d.). Ministry of Health. Retrieved from May 5, 2019 from
Edmonson, C., McCarthy, C., Adams, S., McCain, C., & Marshall, J. (2017, January). Emerging
Global Health Issues: A Nurse’s Role. 22 (1). Retrieved May 8, 2019, from http://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-22-2017/No1-Jan-2017/Emerging-Global-Health-Issues.html
Foundation Funding To Prevent Obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2019, from
GHO | World Health Statistics data visualizations dashboard. (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2019,
Howard, J. (2019, February 13). Where childhood obesity is highest in the world. Retrieved May
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.).
Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
National Institute of Food and Agriculture. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2019, from
Preventing Chronic Disease: A Vital Investment. (n.d.) Retrieved May 6, 2019, from /orders/
Swinburn, B. (2008, June 05). Obesity prevention: The role of policies, laws and regulations.
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