Initial Discussion

Initial Discussion

Give one example of a data collection method used in one of the studies identified in your Week 5 project. What variable was this method used to measure?

project is attached please refer to answer the question . half page good writing with two citation please include text book

Houser, J. (2018). Nursing research: Reading, using, and creating evidence (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett.

In December last year, the first case of a possibly zoonotic infection in humans, a novel coronavirus was recorded in Wuhan China. This novel virus presented with symptoms of atypical pneumonia and had a range of symptoms from mild to severe, even leading to death. The infection is known to be among the most contagious infections ever known from the 1918 Spanish flu. The 2009 H1N1 influenza type A. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 or simply Coronavirus Disease 2019 has proven to be a very infectious disease. As of 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization declared it a global pandemic.

Advise of WHO and other experts were that, the disease is spread by being in close contact with those infected and as a result, advised on preventive and control measures. Some of these measures include sanitizing, maintaining mass social distance and wearing masks. Health information is very important to spreads these insights to the general public to generalize behaviour that may discourage the spread of the infection. However, there are those families and patients who do not have sufficient information regarding preventive measures to control the spread of the infection.

With limited information on the preventive measures and safe engagement, this part of the population continues to engage in high-risk behaviour that works to increase the spread of the virus. The result of this is that the infection continues to spread to the population and claim more lives. The morbidity and mortality rates increase with an increase in the rate of infection among the population. This makes the lack of health information on preventive measures and safe engagement practices against COVID 19 a social and health problem.

This paper aims to identify the effectiveness of health education on patients and their families on the best preventive measures against COVID19 and safe engagement practices during the period of the pandemic in controlling the spread of the virus. The paper hypothesizes that, with effective health education, patients and their families will engage in safe behaviour while in the hospital. As a result, there will be lowered chances of spread of this infection. Furthermore, the paper believes that limited education on preventive measures increases the chances of patients and their families engaging in high-risk behaviours in the hospital, which increases the chances of being infected with COVID19.

Synthesis of literature

References

Purpose

Variables

Study design

Sample size and selection

Data collection methods

Major findings

Tahan, H. M. (2020). Essential Case Management Practices Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: Part 2: End-of-Life Care, Workers’ Compensation Case Management, Legal and Ethical Obligations, Remote Practice, and Resilience. Professional case management.

This paper aims to discuss the envisioned roles and responsibilities that case managers and their leaders have in an attempt to meet the needs of patients and support systems during the COVID19 pandemic. More focus on the paper is on acute care, palliative and end-of-life care by professional case managers.

The dependent variable, in this case, is the quality of palliative and end-of-life care in hospitals. The independent variable is the COVID 19 pandemic.

This study is based on a systematic review of the literature.

The study being dependent on secondary sources purely had no sample from which data was retrieved.

Different secondary sources relating to case management practices and strategies were selected and critically appraised. The best quality literature was extracted for data, data synthesized and refined and reports presented.

The study found out that COVID 19 prompted innovative thinking and instant creativity. There are emerging opportunities for innovation in digital and telecommunication technologies to improve the quality of care in hospitals. There were redefined roles of professional case managers and their leaders, especially in acute care, end-of-life care and palliative care in hospitals.

Verhoeven, V., Tsakitzidis, G., Philips, H., & Van Royen, P. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the core functions of primary care: will the cure be worse than the disease? A qualitative interview study in Flemish GPs. BMJ Open, 10(6), e039674

This paper aims to gain insights on the impacts that COVID19 has placed on core competencies of general practitioners in the frontline.

The dependent variables are the core competencies in general practitioners. The independent variable is the COVID 19 pandemic.

The study was a qualitative study aimed at understanding the change in key competencies among general practitioners.

The research involved 132 General Practitioners in Flanders.

The researchers issued out questionnaires to the respondents to prompt their responses. After that, framework analysis was used to perform qualitative analysis and findings reported.

The study found out that there were changes in consultation strategies and practice management with the onset of COVID19 pandemic. The study also concluded that this might pose a challenge to the general health of the population and delivery of primary healthcare.

Variables

The first article by Tahan (2020) had its independent variable as COVID19. The dependent variable, on the other hand, is the provision of quality acute care, palliative and end-of-life care. The provision of quality care is dependent on the COVID19 pandemic as the pandemic mandates the professional case managers to provide the best quality of care during these challenging times of the pandemic.

The second article by Verhoeven et al. (2020) still has the independent variable as the COVID19 pandemic. In this case, the independent variable is the core competencies of general practitioners in the frontline. From the onset of the pandemic, there has been a change in the way the general practitioners perform their duties and as a result. Change in core competencies.

Methods

Both of these research articles were qualitative in nature. Qualitative research approaches are concerned with identifying and assessing a central phenomenon and the influence of other factors on the phenomena being investigated. The quality of care is investigated in the first article, while the core competencies of GPs are investigated in the second article.

Participants

The first article by Tahan (2020) was a study that was purely a recommendation on some of the best practices in the care of patients. It did not have any participants from whom the data was obtained. This research article purely used secondary sources and systematic literature review to extract data for the study. Verhoeven et al. (2020) conducted a study on general practitioners. The participants in this study were 132 General Practitioners from Flanders who were prompted to respond to questions on a questionnaire. The results were then subjected to qualitative analysis.

Instruments

The study by Tahan (2020) used a systematic literature review. This is a form of instrument that is used to identify, critically appraise and e4xtract data from articles related to a specific topic. A systematic literature review is valid, and since there was no comparison with the prior study, it cannot be tested for variability. Verhoeven et al. (2020) used framework analysis to conduct their qualitative analysis. The results that were obtained were both valid, and there was no variability to be tested.

Implications for future work

The results from both of these studies provide evidence that supports the clinical questions for this group project. Tahan (2020) indicates that there is a need for innovation in the times of COVID 19 to ensure that the infection has been controlled and prevented in the hospital set-up. Through the different strategies of improving the quality of healthcare, professionals can ensure that COVID 19 spread has been limited.

Verhoeven et al. (2020) provide insights into the different competencies that frontline general practitioners use. Through this information, we gain evidence on the best practices to employ in ensuring that COVID19 infection spread has been controlled. From this insightful article, we get the best information to use as health education in our recommendation to patients and families on safe engagement activities.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the COVID 19 pandemic has presented with challenges both to the general public and to the healthcare sector. The pandemic demands that there is improved quality of care for acute care and palliative care to ensure that the infection has been controlled. Roles of professional case managers have to be redefined to fit into the situation of handling this pandemic. Further, general practitioners have to redefine strategies of providing care in the centres. All of these are aimed at improving the lives of patients in the hospital. The general public has to be kept safe from the infection by providing quality health education to them. The main question remains, how can these insights be used in health education to sensitize the general public on safe engagement practices?

References

Tahan, H. M. (2020). Essential Case Management Practices Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: Part 2: End-of-Life Care, Workers’ Compensation Case Management, Legal and Ethical Obligations, Remote Practice, and Resilience. Professional case management.

Verhoeven, V., Tsakitzidis, G., Philips, H., & Van Royen, P. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the core functions of primary care: will the cure be worse than the disease? A qualitative interview study in Flemish GPs. BMJ Open, 10(6), e039674.

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