Advanced Pharmacology, Complementary And Alternative Healthcare And Crisis In Nursing Intervention

Complementary And Alternative Healthcare

APA format

1) Minimum 12 pages  (No word count per page)- Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum of three paragraphs per page

You must strictly comply with the number of paragraphs requested per page

.

           Part 1: minimum  2 pages

           Part 2: minimum  3 pages

           Part 3: minimum  7 pages (Due 40 hours)

Submit 1 document per part

2)¨******APA norms

All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraph

         Bulleted responses are not accepted

         Don’t write in the first person 

Don’t copy and paste the questions.

Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph

Submit 1 document per part

3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)

********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)

4) Minimum 3 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years  (Journals, books) (No websites)

Part 2: Minimum 5 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years  (Journals, books) (No websites)

Part 3: Minimum 7 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years  (Journals, books) (No websites)

All references must be consistent with the topic-purpose-focus of the parts. Different references are not allowed.

5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX

6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.doc

__________________________________________________________________________________

Part 1: Advanced Pharmacology

HPI: E.D a 38 -year-old Caucasian female presents to the clinic with complaint of pain, itching, inflammation, and “yellow” right great toe. She noticed that the toe was moderately itching after she took a shower at the gym. She did not pay much attention. About two weeks after the itching became intense and she applied Benadryl cream with only some relief. She continued going to the gym and noticed that the itching got worse and her toe nail started to change color. She also indicated that the toe got swollen, painful and turned completely yellow 2 weeks ago. She applied lotrimin AF cream and it did not help relief her symptoms. She has not tried other remedies. Denies associated symptoms of fever and chills.

PMH:

Diabetes Mellitus, type 2.

Surgeries: None

Allergies: Augmentin

Medication: Metformin 500mg PO BID.

Vaccination History: Immunization is up to date and she received her flu shot this year.

Social history:

College graduate married and no children. She drinks 1 glass of red wine every night with dinner. She is a former smoker and quit 6 years ago.

Family history:

Both parents are alive. Father has history of DM type 2, Tinea Pedis. mother alive and has history of atopic dermatitis, HTN.

Primary Diagnosis: Proximal subungual onychomycosis

1. Specify when to refer the patient after therapy and why? Provide rationale (One paragraph)

2. Describe three non-pharmacological approaches to Onychomycosis?  (One paragraph)

3. Provide patient education. Keep in mind the past medical history of this patient  (One paragraph)

Part 2: Complementary and alternative healthcare 

“Every serious illness is a spiritual crisis because it is a confrontation with one’s own mortality. Every nurse, regardless of personal belief, must recognize that religion or spirituality or both are often an essential part of the lives of those entrusted to her or his care. To avoid these issues is to fail to truly be a nurse healer because the nurse’s task is to address the physical, psychological, and spiritual needs of clients.” (Fontaine, 2019).

1. Introduction (One paragraph)

2. Discussing how nurses can incorporate faith and prayer in the care of patients (Two paragraphs)

3. How the nurses, regardless of their own personal religious beliefs and worldviews, must respect the faith and prayer in the care of patients (Two  paragraphs)

4. What is the benefit to nurses and patients when the nurses incorporate faith and prayer in the care of patients (Three  paragraphs)

5. Conclusion  (One  paragraph)

Part 3: Crisis in nursing intervention (Due 40 hours)

Topic: Chemical Dependency: The Crisis of Addiction

1. Abstract (One paragraph)

2. What is Chemical dependency? (Two paragraphs)

3. Describe the Statistics data/ Incidence at: (Three paragraphs)

a. Global

b. National

c. Local (Florida)

4. Sociocultural determinants of substance abuse (Three paragraphs)

5. Describe 2 models of addiction (Two paragraphs)

6. Describe dynamics of addiction (Two paragraphs)

7. Describe interventions Strategies: (Three paragraphs)

a. Psychological

b.Pharmacological

c. Non-pharmacological)

8. Describe considerations of management of behaviors in Partner, including (Two paragraphs)

a. Family considerations

b. Challenges in the care of patients with this social issue.

9. Describe different perspectives that support the identification of clinical problems from (Two paragraphs)

a. One evidence-based practice guidelines/research

b. One nursing theories

10. Conclusion (One paragraph)

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Health Reform

1) Students will select a state health policy reform innovation and

2) describe the rationale, how it was adopted (e.g., federal waivers, passage by state legislature),

3) the funding structure (How money is spent)

4) its impact (to the extent statistical data are available)

Students should summarize their findings in a 1-2 page, single-spaced Memo (Research how to write (format) a memo).

A few examples of state innovations include Vermont’s single payer system, Massachusetts’ health

reforms and Kentucky’s Medicaid healthcare program.

(None of these can be used).

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Theory Week 6

Theory Week 6

Theory Week 6

How does the concept of Modeling & Role Modeling apply to nursing?

How would the Theory of Integral Nursing benefit our community?

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Phase 2

Phase 2

Heparin is an anticoagulant drug used for various uses, including thromboembolic prophylaxis and treatment and the management of central venous access. It comes in different concentrations (1000 units/mL or greater) for therapeutic and prophylactic usage and lower concentrations, that is 100 units/mL or less, used in heparin lock flushing solutions. Heparin administration is greatly associated with medical errors resulting in severe consequences on patients’ health (Warnock & Huang, 2019, p. 49). Three high-profile occurrences involving this medicine at three prominent US institutions brought safety concerns about heparin use to the forefront. The Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety Goal (NPSG) 03.05.01, “lower the chances of patient harm due to anticoagulant medication use,” emphasizes the safe anticoagulant therapy use and monitoring.

Despite a previous attempt in a large Midwestern hospital to develop standard heparin administration procedures using a computerized system, errors continued to occur at unacceptably high rates. Heparin Error Reduction Workgroup (HERW) was formed in 2002, by pharmacists, staff nurses, and cardiologists. The HERW hired consultants of human factors to conduct an analysis of the human factors process of heparin administration among the nursing staff (Treiber & Jones, 2018, p. 159). Between 1999 and 2003, heparin was the most commonly used medicine in 14,800 ED medication mistakes.

Heparin is a medication that, if used wrongly, can result in serious hemorrhagic complications. Over five years, heparin dosing in large metropolitan hospitals with evolution has become more difficult. Heparin was formerly prescribed and monitored unevenly by physicians (Lee & Riley, 2021, p. 515). Heparin dose regimens were established and applied to ensure standardized dosing, optimized therapy, and reduced hazards. The dosing methods grew in number as heparin administration became more sophisticated and patient-specific. The protocols were originally only available on written paper. The benefits of computerized access in drug administration were exploited to improve protocol delivery and boost upgrade efficiency. Interactive computer software was developed to make protocol usage easier.

Three premature newborns died due to drug errors in an Indiana hospital that drew national attention. The Heparin overdoses were accidentally given to newborns because the incorrect strength was utilized to prepare umbilical line flushing solutions. The mistake occurred when 1 mL vials were accidentally put in a unit-based automated dispensing cabinet (ADC) where heparin 10,000 units/ml, 1 ml vials were commonly kept (Lee & Riley, 2021, p. 519). Nothing can take away the families’ pain in the aftermath of this unfortunate tragedy, and this keeps reminding us of the necessity to take precautions and closer examination of heparin use in our institutions.

The use of heparin includes;

· Prevention of enlargement of existing clots.

· Treatment and prevention of pulmonary emboli and deep venous thrombosis (Warnock & Huang, 2019, p. 49).

· Decreasing the risk of the development of blood clots.

· Maintaining patency of indwelling venous catheters.

The significance of Heparin administration errors administration to nursing.

Medicine errors can happen during any stage of the process of medication administration, including prescribing, transcription, dispense, and administration. However, previous researches have shown that pharmaceutical errors are more frequent during the phase of drug administration. This is because nurses administer the majority of the drugs. Heparin, for instance, is commonly administered and monitored by nurses (Warnock & Huang, 2019, p. 49). The nurses receive the clients’ medication upon prescription and dispatch and administer. Nurses can ensure improved patient safety through interruption of medication errors before reaching the client through adhering with six drug delivery rights and reporting of the problem.

Nurses confront problems in many facets of their work, particularly when safely providing and monitoring medications. General drug information and knowledge, formal nursing education, continuous education needs, clinical area experience, and nursing shortage nationwide are all recognized to impact client drug administration (Santomauro et al., 2021, p. 449). Other causes include technological advancements and quality-improvement programs. Patient safety is becoming more important, especially regarding medication therapies and high-alert drugs like unfractionated heparin (UFH). Specific UFH administration treatments can improve patient care management. Nurses are generally in a good position to spot pharmaceutical errors because they are on the front lines of patient care. On the other hand, nurses must work closely with other healthcare providers to achieve their goals.

The nurses should countercheck the medication dosage and administer them in the correct dosage. The nurses may prepare the heparin with different strengths wrongly, thus resulting in various errors. In addition, the preparation and administration of heparin differ in different types of heparin strengths. The errors also occur due to storage of heparin with different strengths in one place, poor documentation of the prescribed heparin in the ED, lack of individual/ independent double-checking of the heparin administration dosage, and incorrect programming of the infusion pumps (Gray, 2018, p. 369). These errors often occur among the nursing staff. Therefore, nurses should consistently check and document the heparin before administering it to the client. They should also independently double-check the heparin to prevent medication dose calculation errors. They should also ensure that the infusion pumps are correctly programmed to prevent over coagulation of the client’s blood.

Research purpose

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the causes of heparin drip administration errors and the ways through which these errors can be reduced. The heparin drips administration errors are very common and result in serious complications, at times, death of the clients. Despite the improvement in the majority of the errors that occur with heparin administration, such as the wrong client, several other errors have occurred with the administration of the heparin medication. 2.01 errors occur in 1000 heparin doses charged. The errors occur due to the incorrect handling of the heparin medication by different hospital personnel, such as pharmacists and physicians; however, most of the errors often occur from the nursing staff (Litman, 2018, p. 439). Therefore, the research paper aims to determine the causes of these errors and how to prevent them from occurring.

Research Questions

The research purposes to answer the following research questions;

1. What is the prevalence of heparin drips administration errors?

2. What are the factors associated with heparin drip administration errors?

3. How can heparin drip administration errors be prevented?

Conclusion

Intravenous heparin is used in the prevention of thrombosis in various clinical settings. It is considered a high-risk medication used in inpatient settings, commonly critical care units. The variation in the heparin administration protocols contributes to the majority of the drug errors associated with serious complications and mortalities. Some of these causes include drug dose calculation and preparation errors. Some of the prevention of heparin drip infusion errors include independent double-checking of the medication dose and preparation, correct programming of the infusion pumps, and clear documentation of the administered heparin dosage. However, there is a need to find out more about errors associated with heparin administration, their causes, and prevention to reduce the complications that occur with the errors.

References

Gray, G. (2018). Commentary: Improving Care through Innovations in Infusion Systems. Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology, 52(5), 366-371.

/orders/pdf.manuscriptpro.com/search/Abstract~30260667/1/cda77bb7/Commentary:-Improving-Care-through-Innovations-in-Infusion-Systems.

Lee, M. H., & Riley, W. (2021). Factors associated with errors in the heparin dose-response test: recommendations to improve individualized heparin management in cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion, 36(5), 513-523./orders/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32909506/

Litman, R. S. (2018). How do we prevent medication errors in the operating room? Take away the human factor. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 120(3), 438-440. /orders/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29452799/

Santomauro, C., Powell, M., Davis, C., Liu, D., Aitken, L. M., & Sanderson, P. (2021). Interruptions to intensive care nurses and clinical errors and procedural failures: A controlled study of causal connection. Journal of Patient Safety, 17(8), e1433-e1440. 441-461. /orders/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30113425/

Treiber, L. A., & Jones, J. H. (2018). Making an infusion error. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 41(3), 156-163. /orders/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29659462/

Warnock, L. B., & Huang, D. (2019). Heparin. /orders/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30855835/

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Heparin Drips

Create a one page analysis describing how Ventilation relates to asthma

How to Reduce Heparin Drips Administration Errors

Introduction and problem statement

Heparin is an anticoagulant

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Speech Analysis

Speech Analysis

Using your course materials and the internet, research a speech that you feel is particularly effective, then analyze each speaker’s style and language

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spiritual beliefs influenced the mother’s reaction

DQ1:

1.  A family is gathered around in the ICU waiting room to monitor the status of a 22-year-old male, David, who sustained traumatic injuries in a motorcycle accident. He is in critical unstable condition with many wounds and severe abrasions. David’s mom keeps crying and saying, “What did I do to deserve this, God?” The family is Roman Catholic.

• a.   What information should you ask the family regarding their culture, beliefs, and coping mechanisms?
• b. The family wants to be at the bedside with David and requests to be present if he has a code blue or becomes asystolic.
• c. What is your best response to their request?

2.  A 45-year-old divorced Filipino man with end-stage Alzheimer’s disease was found dead from hanging. While preparing the body for the morgue, the mother tells the nurse that he has disgraced the family and he will go to hell.

• a.   What religious or spiritual beliefs influenced the mother’s reaction?
• b. How should the nurse respond to the mother?

DQ2:

Please answer the following Discussion Question. Please be certain to answer the three questions on this week DQ and to provide a well-developed and complete answer to receive credit. Your main discussion answer needs to be at least 3 paragraphs in length with 3 references to justify your answer. Use APA format.

Also, please ensure to have read the assigned chapters for the current week.

1. Do you believe nurses should belong to professional organizations?
2. Describe your ideal health care system of the future.

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Assignment 1: Evaluation And Management

Assignment 1: Evaluation And Management

PLEASE FOLLOW INSTRUCTION BELOW, ZERO PLAGIARISM, FIVE REFERENCE NOT MORE THAN FIVE YEARS, 7TH APA FORMAT, RUBRIC & E/M PATIENT CASE SENERIO ATTACHED

Insurance coding and billing is complex, but it boils down to how to accurately apply a code, or CPT (current procedural terminology), to the service that you provided. The payer then reimburses the service at a certain rate. As a provider, you will have to understand what codes to use and what documentation is necessary to support coding.

For this Assignment, you will review evaluation and management (E/M) documentation for a patient and perform a crosswalk of codes from DSM-5-TR to ICD-10.

To Prepare

• Review this week’s Learning Resources on coding, billing, reimbursement.
• Review the E/M patient case scenario provided.

The Assignment

• Assign DSM-5-TR and ICD-10 codes to services based upon the patient case scenario.

Then, in 1–2 pages address the following. You may add your narrative answers to these questions to the bottom of the case scenario document and submit altogether as one document.

• Explain what pertinent information, generally, is required in documentation to support DSM-5-TR and ICD-10 coding.
• Explain what pertinent documentation is missing from the case scenario, and what other information would be helpful to narrow your coding and billing options.
• Finally, explain how to improve documentation to support coding and billing for maximum reimbursement.

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Prevention Of Communicable Diseases

As a health care professional for an international health care network, you plan to visit 7 foreign countries this year as part of a communicable disease prevention program. Before you travel, you need to provide information to your assistants about the health care services in the countries you will be visiting, as well as on the World Health Organization (WHO), the agency that is concerned with international public health.

Research using the Library and other resources to address the following in 400 words :

Provide examples that show how the WHO is involved with global health care assistance.

Explain the role that the WHO plays in the prevention of communicable diseases.

Select 7 foreign countries, and briefly describe the communicable disease situation in the selected countries. Include your statistics in a table format.

What are the possible sources of financing for programs like the one in which you are involved?

Be sure to support your information by citing at least 2 scholarly references using APA format.

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Foreign Countries

Select 1–3 foreign countries, and provide the following information about the access, quality, and cost of health care in 3 pages :

• Compare a foreign country’s quality of care to the United States’ quality of care.
• Compare a foreign country’s cost of health care to the United States’ cost of health care.
• Compare 1 of the foreign countries’ access to medical care to the United States’ access to medical care.
• Give examples of how the World Health Organization (WHO) helps to provide health care in times of need.

Be sure to support your information by citing at least 2 scholarly references using APA format.

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