PSYC FPX4300 Assessment 4 And Now the Finale (Goals and Action Plan)

Assessment Work Sheet

Substance Use History:

PSYC FPX4300 Assessment 4 And Now the Finale (Goals and Action Plan)

And Now the Finale

This case study is about Manny, who suffered from oxycodone addiction. The potent painkiller oxycodone, which is present in Percocet and oxycontin, is one of the nation’s most widely utilized prescription medications. It might be challenging to maintain control of oxycodone because it is a potent medication that provides much-needed relaxation to many people suffering from painful or terminal conditions. This assessment will discuss the patient’s diagnoses, recommended course of action, and long- and short-term goals.

Description of The Client Case Studies

Manny is 56 and worked in construction his whole life. He underwent back surgery about ten years ago, and he has experienced pain. He has been unable to work due to the pain. To alleviate his pain, his doctor prescribed oxycodone. As part of his new pain management regimen, his doctor said he has to undergo substance abuse therapy before receiving any medication. Since his doctor put him off, he has not used oxy. But in an effort to reduce the pain, he has begun using weed every day. His life revolves around his wife and son. He believes he is a bad husband because his wife has to work to pay the bills and take care of him while he cannot work because of his pain.

Client Diagnosis

Manny had back surgery back ten years ago, due to which he experienced extreme pain. The code DSM-5 Diagnostic Codes (ICD-10-CM) for opioid abuse is F11.10 (Opioid abuse, uncomplicated) and F11.20 (Opioid dependence, uncomplicated) (Weiss et al., 2020). The characterized symptoms are given below:  

1. Opioids are frequently consumed in larger quantities or for more extended periods than recommended.
2. There’s a continuous desire to reduce or regulate opioid usage or ineffective attempts to do so.
3. A significant amount of time is devoted to tasks required to obtain, use, or recover from an opioid.
4. The intense impulse or desire to consume opioids. 
5. Consistent opioid usage makes completing important responsibilities at work or home difficult. For example, Manny cannot continue his work because of his addiction.
6. Ongoing opioid usage despite ongoing or frequent interpersonal or social issues brought on by or worsened by opioid use (Zapata et al., 2022).
7. Because of opioid use, significant social, professional, or extracurricular activities are discontinued or scaled back; for example, Manny gave up his driving license after using too many opioids (Poulsen et al., 2022).
8. Consistent opioid use poses a risk to one’s health.
9. Continually using opioids despite being aware of a chronic or recurring bodily or mental condition that the drug probably brought on or made worse (You et al., 2021). 

Treatment Recommendation

The case history of Manny is discussed above, and in accordance with his current medical situation, the recommended treatment is given below:

1. Detox Treatment

Withdrawal symptoms from oxycodone can be very unpleasant and persistent. Because of this, getting professional oxycodone addiction therapy is frequently beneficial for those trying to stop using this drug. A monitored detox may be advised depending on how much, how frequently, and how long oxycodone has been used. Detoxification is the process of removing drugs from the body on purpose. For medical staff to attend to the patient and ensure their safety and comfort, this is frequently done in an inpatient setting. Other drugs may be provided throughout this phase to lessen cravings and other uncomfortable effects. (Koehl et al., 2019)

2. Therapy for Motivational Improvement.

Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) functions by assisting addicts in discovering how to alter their own ideas and behaviors. MET consists of four focused treatment sessions after a preliminary assessment. Each session is tailored to the needs of the particular client. Early sessions emphasize reviewing data from the initial evaluation and establishing future goals. The patient receives perspective and encouragement for sustaining sobriety in later sessions. (Herscher et al., 2020)

3. Psychiatric Help.

Psychiatric help is an effective medical assistance in this case as they are trained in non-addictive, non-pharmacological pain management methods. Psychologists can enhance prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation services and better manage both acute and chronic pain. This can help avoid opiate misuse. Group discussion therapy is further recommended as an effective treatment as it provides Manny with open-line communication with other patients and medical assistance that significantly helps him to leave the habit of weed smoking for his own well-being and healthy life (Brennan et al., 2022). 

Likewise, the above-mentioned therapies, music therapy, and art therapy are considered effective treatment factors for the patients. These two types of therapies provide effective mental relaxation for the patient that reduces their stress and anxiety and help them in their effective cure (Carter et al., 2023). In the case of Manny, his wife is a working woman and son is in college, and he himself lives alone at home. He has a family depression background which also has consequences on his health. Based on his case history, to reduce his loneliness and depression that leads to weed smoking, music, and art therapy are recommended for him. Both therapies relaxed his mind that ultimately improved his mental health, and reduced his habit of weed smoking. 

Alongside other effective therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT is considered an effective therapy for Manny. First of all, it alters how people perceive their suffering. CBT may improve stress management, change ideas, emotions, and actions related to pain, and help put suffering in a more positive context. Many will be able to function better when he realizes how little the pain affects his quality of life. CBT can also alter the physical brain response that aggravates the pain. Stress is a result of pain, and stress has an impact on the brain’s norepinephrine and serotonin levels, which regulate pain. The arousal that affects these molecules is decreased by CBT. As a result, the body’s natural pain-relieving response can become stronger. (Lee & Cho, 2021)

PSYC FPX4300 Assessment 4 And Now the Finale (Goals and Action Plan)

CBT is typically combined with other pain management strategies to address chronic pain. These treatments mostly include medication, physiotherapy, weight loss and, in extreme cases, surgery. But CBT is frequently considered to be the most successful pain management technique out of all of these. (Darnall et al., 2019)

Importance of Therapies

Therapies play a significant role in the treatment of patients. The therapies provide effective treatment to the patients by changing their psychological thinking, perception, and behavior towards the understanding of the patient towards their health condition. Group discussion therapy provides evidence-based practices used by different other patients to successfully reduces negative health consequences. Music and art therapy help the patients to effectively fight with their unhealthy habits like drinking and smoking to improve their well-being. Likewise, CBT helped in the behavioral development of the patient by educating and creating awareness among them to successfully fight back their diseases to safeguard their lives. Therefore, all kinds of therapies are important as they provide an effective guide to the patients on their treatment to effectively improve their health (Amini et al., 2022). 

An Analysis of Ethical Concerns

The following are some ethical issues that could come up when treating drug addicts.

• Confidentiality is vital to delivering safe and efficient treatment to individuals seeking addiction treatment.
• In a progressive system, the moral principle of equality requires that all individuals have an equal opportunity to access available resources.
• Respect for all, individual freedom for those with decision-making capacity, and respect for those who do not.
• Morality and ethical principles in trying to deal with people who are disabled
• Discriminatory practices between people.
• Uneven and rare resource distribution. (Brezel et al., 2019) 

Short- and Long-Term Goals

Manny’s cases are provided with after-treatment so that they can identify his goals and objectives to improve his strengths and weakness. This will assist them in adjusting to his healthier routine.

Long-term Goal 

The long-term goals for preventing oxycodone and weed addiction are as follows. Manny must be taught skills related to quitting weed and avoiding or managing other issues that may interact with positive outcomes. Although, He must resist temptation and peer pressure. He needs to develop healthy friendships and relationships by avoiding these types of friends or family members who pressure him to use substances, such as his friend who uses weed to relieve their anxiety. Even so, Manny should set goals and dreams for his future with his wife. This will help him focus on what he wants and realize that addiction and marijuana use will simply get in the way of achieving his goals. (Krause et al., 2019)

Short-term Goal

The following are the short-term goals for preventing oxycodone and cannabis addiction.

Healthy Lifestyle

A healthy life is an important factor in the health of individuals. Healthy meals and activities reduce stress and depression among individuals and improve their health. To reduce the habit of weed smoking healthy life is recommended as a goal to maintain (Athy et al., 2022). This reduced Manny’s depression and increased his involvement in healthy activities, which ultimately reduced his habit of weed smoking. 

Improved Relationships 

Friends and families play an important role in positive health activities and outcomes. The awareness and counseling that friends and families create with their support positively help weed smokers to reduce negative consequences on their health (Teleki et al., 2021). Manny is suggested to be involved with his friends that have effective awareness of the importance of health so that he can get effective guidance on his health and maintain a healthy lifestyle.  

Experiment with New Things 

Being willing to try new things will help you find a new hobby or spark a new passion for an old one. Make a list of things you’d want to try or stuff you’d like to do again, and schedule a time to do them. Substance abuse restoration, as we frequently hear, involves taking things one day at a time.

Therapies 

Therapies play an important role in modifying the behavior of the patients on their ineffective practice like smoking and alcohol to reduce health consequences. To reduce the depression that leads to excessive weed smoking Manny is recommended to be involved in therapy sessions like CBT, Music therapy, art therapy, and other effective therapies that help in changing his behavior and practices necessary for healthy living (Türkis, 2022). 

Seek Treatment for Mental Illness 

Drug addiction and mental disorders frequently exist side by side. If you’re suffering from a mental illness like depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder, you should seek professional help from a licensed psychologist (Harris et al., 2019). An expert will show you healthy coping skills to help you manage your side effects without resorting to opiates.

Action plan

When you finish treatment, one of the first things you should do is develop your own action plan. It is a one-of-a-kind set of guidelines, goals, methods, notes, and processes that you create in order to thrive during recovery. Take care not to rush into things or move too quickly. Making a personal action plan will assist you in establishing the goals, tasks, and mental processes essential for achieving the two most important goals of treatment: total recovery and reduced chances of relapse. This is a deeply personal exercise that requires you to be open and honest with yourself. (O’Donnell et al., 2022). The following action plan is recommended to stop the issue. 

• Strick policies should be formulated to control the excessive availability of weed products. 
• A monitoring committee should be formulated based on a community level to monitor the sources that promote and facilitate weed smoking and take strict action against them. 
• Penalties should be imposed on weed suppliers as well as users to control the excessive supply and usage of weed-smoking practices. 
• Counseling activities for the patient of weed smoking should be promoted by establishing counseling and rehabilitation centers. 
• Families and peers should be involved in the treatment of weed smokers. Awareness among families and peers should be created to change the behavior of weed smokers towards the usage of weed and highlights its consequences on health. 

The recommended action plan helps control the usage of weed smoking among the members of the communities, and the percentage of weed smokers is increasing rapidly, which is negative for community health. 

Conclusion

Finally, oxycodone and other pharmacological opiates have received special coverage in the media, which frequently portrays problematic users of the drug as previously drug-naive individuals who become addicted after legit prescription medicines. However, they, like all active ingredients, carry the risk of side effects and complications, which include misuse, abuse, and dependence, as well as health and economic damage caused by abuse and dependence on prescription opioids. To reduce the consequences on health, an effective action plan is recommended that empowers the authorities to formulate strict regulations on the supply and usage of weed. Along with it, rehabilitation and family support are further suggested as the key driver of effective control of the usage of weed smoking and positive outcomes on health. 

PSYC FPX4300 Assessment 4 And Now the Finale (Goals and Action Plan)

References

Amini, L., Silbert, S. K., Maude, S. L., Nastoupil, L. J., Ramos, C. A., Brentjens, R. J., Sauter, C. S., Shah, N. N., & Abou-el-Enein, M. (2022). Preparing for CAR T cell therapy: patient selection, bridging therapies and lymphodepletion. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 19(5), 342–355. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-022-00607-3 

Athy, A. E., Milojev, P., Gray, N. H., Osborne, D., Sibley, C. G., & Milfont, T. L. (2022). Clarifying longitudinal relations between individuals’ support for human rights and climate change beliefs. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 101875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101875 

Brennan, L., Sheill, G., O’Neill, L., O’Connor, L., Smyth, E., & Guinan, E. (2022). Physical therapists in oncology settings: experiences in delivering cancer rehabilitation services, barriers to care, and service development needs. Physical Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab287 

Brezel, E. R., Powell, T., & Fox, A. D. (2019). An ethical analysis of medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) for persons who are incarcerated. Substance Abuse, 41(2), 1–5. Https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2019.1695706 

Carter, A. M., Dioso, E. R., Romero, B., Clinker, C. E., & Lucke-Wold, B. (2023). Complementary medicine and expressive arts therapy: adjuvant for recovery following neurosurgical procedures. OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 8(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.icm.2301007 

Darnall, B. D., Mackey, S. C., Lorig, K., Kao, M.-C., Mardian, A., Stieg, R., Porter, J., debruyne, K., Murphy, J., Perez, L., Okvat, H., Tian, L., Flood, P., mcgovern, M., Colloca, L., King, H., Van Dorsten, B., Pun, T., & Cheung, M. (2019). Comparative Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain and chronic pain self-management within the context of voluntary patient-centered prescription opioid tapering: The empower study protocol. Pain Medicine. Https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz285 

Harris, R. A., Kranzler, H. R., Chang, K.-M., Doubeni, C. A., & Gross, R. (2019). Long-term use of hydrocodone vs. oxycodone in primary care. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 205, 107524. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.026 

Herscher, M., Fine, M., Navalurkar, R., Hirt, L., & Wang, L. (2020). Diagnosis and management of opioid use disorder in hospitalized patients. Medical Clinics of North America, 104(4), 695–708. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2020.03.003 

Koehl, J. L., Zimmerman, D. E., & Bridgeman, P. J. (2019). Medications for management of opioid use disorder. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 76(15), 1097–1103. Https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz105 

Krause, J. S., Dismuke-Greer, C. E., Reed, K. S., & Li, C. (2019). Employment status, hours working, and gainful earnings after spinal cord injury: relationship with pain, prescription medications for pain, and nonprescription opioid use. Spinal Cord. Https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-019-0374-1 

Lee, S.-H., & Cho, S. J. (2021). Cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depressive disorders. Major Depressive Disorder, 295–310. Https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_16 

O’Donnell, C., Demler, T. L., & Dzierba, C. (2022). Perceptions and barriers of adverse drug reaction reporting within inpatient state psychiatric facilities. Mental Health Clinician, 12(4), 247–253. Https://doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2022.08.247 

Poulsen, M. N., Asdell, P. B., Berrettini, W., McBryan, K., & Rahm, A. K. (2022). Application of the COM-B model to patient barriers and facilitators of retention in medication treatment for opioid use disorder in rural Northeastern United States: A qualitative study. SSM – Mental Health, 2, 100151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100151 

Samples, H., Williams, A. R., Crystal, S., & Olfson, M. (2022). Psychosocial and behavioral therapy in conjunction with medication for opioid use disorder: Patterns, predictors, and association with buprenorphine treatment outcomes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 108774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108774 

Teleki, S., Zsidó, A. N., Lénárd, L., Komócsi, A., Kiss, E. C., & Tiringer, I. (2021). Role of received social support in the physical activity of coronary heart patients: The health action process approach. Applied Psychology: Health And Well-being. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12290 

Türkis, S. (2022, July 1). Use and effectiveness of creative art therapy in the treatment of Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder: a scoping review. Essay.utwente.nl. http://essay.utwente.nl/92434/ 

Weiss, A. J., Heslin, K. C., Stocks, C., & Owens, P. L. (2020, April 14). Table 4, ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes defining opioid use disorder (OUD). Www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557173/table/sb256.tab7/ 

You, D. S., Mardian, A. S., Darnall, B. D., Chen, C.-Y. A., De Bruyne, K., Flood, P. D., Kao, M.-C., Karnik, A. D., McNeely, J., Porter, J. G., Schwartz, R. P., Stieg, R. L., & Mackey, S. C. (2021). A brief screening tool for opioid use disorder: empower study expert consensus protocol. Frontiers in Medicine, 8. Https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.591201

Zapata, J., Lesser, J., Recto, P., Moreno-Vasquez, A., & Idar, A. Z. (2022). Perceptions of community health workers during two concurrent national health crises: Opioid use disorder and COVID-19. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2021.2011508

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