NRS 490 Week 6 Assignment Completed Paper
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Running head: MEDICAL MARIJUANA IN CANCER TREATMENT 1
MEDICAL MARIJUANA IN CANCER TREATMENT 6
Medical Marijuana in Cancer Treatment
Samantha Howard
Grand Canyon University: NRS-490 (NRS-490-O503)
February 20, 2019
PICOT: The implementation of medical marijuana and non-medical marijuana in cancer patient for the alleviation of pain within one year of beginning treatment
Cannabis has been relied on for medical purses in many parts of the world. Many states have begun implementing the medical and recreational cannabis policies and this is leading to the rise in the number of individuals using the cannabis, for example, marijuana for the reduction of pain especially among the cancer patients. There is the existence of the theoretical reasons for the efficacy of marijuana for the management of the pain (Hill, Palastro, Johnson, & Ditre, 2017). This PICOT discussion, therefore, aims at looking at some literature work by comparing their questions, the sample used, limitations ad with some conclusions as well as recommendation to discuss about “the implementation of medical marijuana and non-medical marijuana in cancer patient for the alleviation of pain within one year of beginning treatment.”
Comparison of the research questions
The article Vyas et al. on the utilization of the cannabis during the opioid crisis aimed at examining the state medical cannabis (MC) use laws as well as the policies and their possible link with the POM use and the associated injuries (Vyas, LeBaron, & Gilson, 2018). Journal of the clinical oncology, on the other hand, was aimed at determining whether oncologists described having discussed medical marijuana with the patients; whether they made a recommendation on medical marijuana clinically for the past year or whether they felt adequately getting information to come up with such approvals (Braun, et al., 2018). The third article whose title is Medical marijuana use in a community cancer center aimed at comparing the cases of the marijuana use amongst patients who are having an early versus advanced stage cancer impacts, drug to drug interactions, and the drug-disease interactions between individuals using marijuana with those who are not using it (Saadeh & Rustem, 2018).
The fourth article by Zaki et al. aimed at examining the efficacy of cannabis treatment amongst cancer patients for the management of the symptoms from a single Canadian medical cannabis provider (Zaki, et al., 2017). Article by Abram targeted at showing integrating cannabis into the clinical cancer care while that of Johnson et al. aimed at performing the investigation on the long-term safety as well as the tolerability of the THC or the (cannabidiol) CBD spray and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) spray to help in pain relieving for the patient suffering from advanced cancer (Johnson, Lossignol, Burnell-Nugent, & Fallon, 2013). Jessica et al. and Alexia et al. on the other hand aimed to determine whether the addition of cannabinoids leads to the decrease in the average opioid dose needed for the control of pain and improvement of the individual reported life quality; and to evaluate the effectiveness of the cannabinoid-based treatment containing THC and CBD for the reduction of the cancer-associated pain respectively.
Comparison of the sample population
The work by Vyas et al. was based on the use of 11, 513, 789, 134 literature reviews, abstract reviews, and full-text articles respectively. On the other hand, the second article of the Journal of Oncology utilized a survey random study on a sample of 400 medical oncologists. There is no specification on the number of samples used in the third article whereas work by Zaki et al. utilized 164 cancer patients for the study. The study by Abram was based on the use of 28 studies which consisted of 2454 participants (Abrams, 2016). A study by Johnson et al. used a total of 43 patients suffering from cancer-related pain. A total of 24 patients of ages 18 years old were used as samples in the study by Jessica whereas a study by Alexia was based on the use of five studies which assessed THC oil capsules, THC, CBD oromucosal spray (Alexia, et al., 2017).
Comparison of the study limitations
The restriction of the study by Abrams is that few human studies related to the management of the medical cannabis impacts were used. A study by Jessica et al. failed to fully utilized prospective control studies to help in the elucidation on the role of the CBD in treating cancer pain. A study by Alexia et al. used a few numbers of samples for the establishment of the optimal dosage as well as the efficacy of various cannabis-based treatments. A study by Vyas et al. was majorly based on looking at the past studies and this means that some information provided could be out-of-date. In the second article i.e. J Clin Oncol, there is a concern related to the inconsistency between the oncologists’self-reported acquaintance base and their opinions as well as practices with regard to Medical Marijuana. A specific number of the participants used for the study in the third article were never specified thus raising concern in relation to the authenticity of the study.
Conclusions
Based on the evidence presented by the literature studies, it is clear that medical marijuana is helpful in the reduction of the pain among cancer patients. Therefore, it is important for the starts to take into consider medical advancement and implement policies to help in the reduction of the POM associated deaths, improving the management of pain, and the healthcare costs. In order to reduce major health concerns about the use of medical marijuana, it is important to perform further research to help with the understanding of medical marijuana. The research should also be aimed at looking at the aspects related to the risks and benefits associated with the use of medical marijuana on cancer patients. This can be achieved by performing more prospective control studies to help in elucidating the role of the CBD.
References
Abrams, D. I. (2016). Integrating cannabis into clinical cancer care. Cyrre Oncol, 23(2), S18-S14. Alexia, B., Bo, A. W., Leila, M., Carlo, D.-A., Diaz, P., Lao, N., et al. (2017). A selective review of medical cannabis in cancer pain management. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 6(2). Braun, I. M., Wright, A., Peteet, J., Meyer, F. L., Yuppa, D. P., Bolci-Jankovic, D., et al. (2018). Medical Oncologists’ Beliefs, Practices, and Knowledge Regarding Marijuana Used Therapeutically: A Nationally Representative Survey Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 36(19), 1957-1962. Hill, P. K., Palastro, D. M., Johnson, B., & Ditre, W. J. (2017). Cannabis and Pain: A Clinical Review. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2(1), 96-104. Johnson, J. R., Lossignol, D., Burnell-Nugent, M., & Fallon, M. T. (2013). An open-label extension study to investigate the long-term safety and tolerability of THC/CBD oromucosal spray and oromucosal THC spray in patients with terminal cancer-related pain refractory to strong opioid analgesics. Journal of Pain Symptom Manage, 46(2), 207-218. Saadeh, C. E., & Rustem, D. R. (2018). Medical Marijuana Use in a Community Cancer Center. Journal Oncol Pract, 14(9), e566-e578. Vyas, M. B., LeBaron, V. T., & Gilson, A. M. (2018). The use of cannabis in response to the opioid crisis: A review of the literature. Nurs Outlook, 66(1), 56-65. Zaki, P., Alexia, B., Amiti, W., Henry, L., Carlo, D., Marissa, S., et al. (2017). The use of medical cannabis in cancer patients. Journal of Pain Management, 10(4), 353-362.
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