Developing PICO Questions
Developing PICO Questions
Determining the topic of an evaluation is one of the most important steps of the evaluation process. In the process of selecting a topic for evaluation, researchers should reflect on what information needs to be gathered and how it will be used. A PICO question can provide the foundation for this process. The PICO question requires researchers to determine the population to be studied, select the intervention that occurred or will occur (such as a new system), have a baseline with which to compare the evaluation, and finally, have a standard to measure the outcome of the project. Using a PICO question as a guideline helps ensure the evaluation is focused and effective.
In this Discussion, you generate a PICO question that corresponds to the Evaluation Plan Focus you developed last week.
To prepare:
- Develop a PICO question based on the Evaluation Plan Focus Assignment completed last week.
- Reflect on why it is important that this question be answered. Identify the “who cares?” factor.
By Day tomorrow 12/28/2016, write a minimum of 550 words essay in APA format with a minimum of 3 reference from the list provided below. Include the level one headings as numbered below:
1) Post a summary of key points (evaluation goal, viewpoint, and model) from your Evaluation Plan Focus Assignment.
2) Post your PICO question. Explain why you developed this question, and why it is important to be considered.
Required Readings
Friedman, C. P., & Wyatt, J. C. (2010). Evaluation methods in biomedical informatics (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
Chapter 3, “Determining What to Study” (pp. 48–84)
This chapter focuses on how to identify the relevant questions to cover in an evaluation and how to ensure that the scope of the question is appropriate. It includes a description of different types of evaluations, including what they specifically focus on and the general type of questions they address.
Gschwandtner, T., Kaiser, K., & Miksch, S. (2011). Information requisition is the core of guideline-based medical care: Which information is needed for whom? Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(4), 713–721.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article describes the construction of a comprehensive information source to be used in the development of computerized clinical practice guideline (CPG). The authors emphasize how the information source is designed to meet the informational requirements of anyone developing a CPG for any user group.
Lin, J. W., Chang, C. H., Lin, M. W., Ebell, M. H., & Chiang, J. H. (2011). Automating the process of critical appraisal and assessing the strength of evidence with information extraction technology. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(4), 832–838.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
The authors of this article explain a study that sought to create and evaluate a system to automatically determine a medical article’s evidence level. The authors describe the accuracy of the system and speculate on the causes of errors.
Swennen, M. H. J., vander Heijden, G. J. M. G., Blijham, G. H., & Kalkman, C. J. (2011). Career stage and work setting create different barriers for evidence-based medicine. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(4), 775–785.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article describes a study that examines how a doctor’s career stage and work setting are related to their perceptions of barriers to practicing evidence-based medicine (EBM). The authors also provide a framework for classifying the identified barriers.
Required Media
Laureate Education (Producer). (n.d.e). PICO question. Retrieved from CDN database. (NURS 6431)
This animation describes the basics of formulating a PICO question. The animation provides an example scenario of effectively generating a PICO question.
Optional Resources
Alliance for Health Reform. (2013). Health Information Technology. Retrieved from http://www.allhealth.org/issues.asp?wi=4
American Health Information Management Association. Retrieved from http://www.ahima.org/
Healthcare Information and Management Systems. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.himss.org/
Kaiser.edu. (n.d.). Health information technology. Retrieved from http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/building-an-information-technology-foundation-for-health/
National Center for Biotechnology Information. (n.d.). Health services/technology assessment texts (HSTAT). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK16710/
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Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, including a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words. Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source. One or two-sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words. I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
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Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately. In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies. Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work). Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
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I discourage over-utilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Master’s level and deduct points accordingly. As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content. It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
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